02. Census & Survey

Strengths
  • Potential to capture social and economic information about residents and their networks
  • Data are comparable across cities and countries
  • Individual privacy is protected and exact locations of vulnerable populations are masked by aggregating data
Limitations
  • Lacks information about physical and social characteristics in the neighborhood
  • Does not reflect local definitions and contexts of deprivation.
  • Censuses are only collected every 10 years (at best), and most surveys take place every 5 years

The widely cited statistic from UN-Habitat – 1 billion slum dwellers globally – is calculated by classifying and counting urban “slum households” based on census or survey data. Experts who map urban deprivation with this approach classify local areas, such as census enumeration units or survey clusters, as “slum areas” when 50% or more of households meet the “slum household” definition.

However, households and areas are different. Deprived households do not necessarily concentrate in slum areas, informal settlements, and areas of inadequate housing. In many cities, a large portion (even a majority) of so called “slum households” are located outside of “slum areas.”

More Approaches to Slum Mapping

Current methods of mapping “slum” areas take place in isolation.
IDEAMAPS aims towards integration - using strengths from each approach to build a more detailed system.

01. Field-based Mapping

Field-based mapping is commonly performed by community NGOs such as Slum Dwellers International, and linked to advocacy...

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02. Census & Survey

The widely cited statistic from UN-Habitat – 1 billion slum dwellers globally – is calculated by classifying and counting urban “slum ...

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03. Digitising Imagery

Satellite imagery is sometimes used to manually digitize informal settlements. This approach is typically based on a...

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04. Computer Models

Data scientists use computer models to semi-automatically classify deprived urban areas from satellite imagery and other...

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